We use our thumbs for nearly every daily activity—gripping, lifting, pushing, typing, and more. So it’s no surprise that thumb pain is a common issue affecting people of all ages.
The thumb joint is one of the most mobile in the body. But with that mobility comes vulnerability. Overuse, trauma, and wear and tear can all lead to pain, stiffness, and reduced function.
Why do I have thumb pain?
Pain can come from inflammation of the connective tissues called tendons and ligaments, and/or from the joint itself. Overuse of the thumb can cause wear and tear of the articular cartilage of the joint. It can also cause inflammation of the tendons. Ligament problems usually occur when there is trauma to the thumb joint.
Common Causes of Thumb Pain
The following is a list of diagnoses given for thumb pain with their symptoms:
Thumb Sprain – “Jammed thumb”
- Injury to the ligaments of the thumb. The ligaments connect the bones at the base of the thumb.
- Symptoms- thumb pain, joint stiffness, muscle soreness
De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
- Inflammation of the tendon on the thumb side of the wrist
- Symptoms – thumb pain, wrist pain, swelling, pain with grasping, pain with making a fist
Trigger Finger
- Inflammation of a tendon causing the thumb to get stuck in a bent position and then snap to straighten.
- Symptoms – thumb pain, stiffness, feeling a lump.
- The median nerve gets compressed at the wrist between the transverse ligament and the carpal bones.
- Symptoms – thumb pain, numbness, tingling index and middle finger pain, numbness, tingling.
Osteoarthritis of the Thumb Joint
- Wearing of the cartilage at the joint, located at the base of the thumb. The joint is called the carpometacarpal joint.
- Symptoms – swelling, pain, stiffness, decreased strength with gripping, pinching
What Can You Do About Thumb Pain?
Most cases of thumb joint pain respond well to conservative, non-surgical treatment. Here’s where to start:
Conservative treatment is the most effective means of treating the thumb.
1. Rest and Activity Modification
Avoid movements that aggravate symptoms. Give your thumb time to heal.
2. Ice and Medication
Apply ice to reduce inflammation. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications may help, but consult your doctor first.
3. Thumb Spica Splint
Wearing a splint can provide support and limit motion, allowing tissues to rest.
4. Physical Therapy
A physical therapist can evaluate your condition and design a personalized recovery plan. Treatment may include:
- Modalities to reduce pain and inflammation
- Gentle mobilization techniques to improve joint range of motion
- Strengthening and stretching exercises
- Education on ergonomics and proper hand mechanics
When to Seek Help
If your thumb pain persists for more than a few days, interferes with daily tasks, or worsens over time, don’t wait. Early intervention can prevent further damage and speed up your recovery.
Innovative Physical Therapy, “Solutions in Motion”
Innovative Physical Therapy is a state-of-the-art physical therapy clinic in Mission Valley, San Diego. With over 30 years of experience, we provide individualized care tailored to your unique needs. Our skilled physical therapists utilize manual therapy techniques and movement analysis to identify the root causes of your issues, enabling us to develop effective treatment plans for immediate symptom relief and long-term health.
Last updated: July 2025